04 Try it yourself Interactive

Fourteen stages, and then the same page seventy seconds later

Each press moves one stage. The four cells show the addressing at that instant, and any field that stage writes or rewrites turns rose, so the two moments candidates miss cannot be missed: at stage 09 the router replaces the MAC pair and rewrites the source address and port, while the destination IP stays exactly where it was, and at stage 11 nothing turns rose at all, because TLS negotiates on a connection that already exists. The ladder above them marks the layer acting, the strip below names the lesson the stage came from, and the counters track round trips and bytes so the cost of DNS plus TCP plus TLS before any content moves is a number rather than a claim. Switch to Warm second visit to replay the identical request with the caches loaded and the connection still open. Every byte figure is counted from real header sizes, not asserted. Nothing plays on its own: Next, Back and Reset, or the arrow keys.